Guidelines and Statements

• General Principles for Purchase and Safe Use of CPOE Systems
• Landmines and Pitfalls of CPOE

Important Links

• CPOE and E-MAR Pharmacy Justification [PDF]
• CPOE Resources Quick Survey [PDF]
• CPOE Order Verification Process [PDF]
• The Leap Frog Group CPOE Reference Page
• IHI - Improving Core Processes for Ordering Medications
• AHRQ - Computerized Provider Order Entry

Must Read Articles

• The impact of computerized physician medication order entry in hospitalized patients—A systematic review. Saeid Eslami, Nicolette F. de Keizer, Ameen Abu-Hanna. International Journal of Medical Informatics.  2008 June;77(6):365-376.
• Evaluating Clinical Decision Support Systems: Monitoring CPOE Order Check Override Rates in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Computerized Patient Record System. Ching-Ping Lin, Thomas H. Payne, W. Paul Nichol, Patricia J. Hoey, Curtis L. Anderson, and John H. Gennari. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15:620-626.
• A Risk Analysis Method to Evaluate the Impact of a Computerized Provider Order Entry System on Patient Safety. Bonnarby P, et. al.. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15:453-460
• The unintended consequences of computerized provider order entry: Findings from a mixed methods exploration, Ash JS, Sittig DF, Dykstra R, Campbell E, Guappone K. Int J Med Inform. 2008 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print] 
• The impact of computerized physician medication order entry in hospitalized patients—A systematic review. Saeid Eslami, Nicolette F. de Keizer, Ameen Abu-Hanna. International Journal of Medical Informatics. Volume 77, Issue 6, June 2008, Pages 365-376.
• The Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry with Clinical Decision Support on the Rates of Adverse Drug Events: A Systematic Review. Wolfstadt K, et. al.. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008 Apr;23(4):451-458.
• Medication Administration Variances Before and After Implementation of Computerized Physician Order Entry in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Taylor J, Loan L, Kamara J, Blackburn S, Whitney D. Pediatrics. 2008 Jan;121(1):123-128.
• Medication administration discrepancies persist despite electronic ordering. FitzHenry F, Peterson JF, Arrieta M, Waitman LR, Schildcrout JS, Miller RA. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):756-64.
• Evaluation and Certification of Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems. David C. Classen, Anthony J. Avery, David W. Bates. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007;14:48-55.
• Effects of an integrated clinical information system on medication safety in a multi-hospital setting,  Mahoney CD, Berard-Collins CM, Coleman R, Amaral JF, Cotter CM, Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Sep 2007; 64: 1969 - 1977. 
• Pharmacists’ perceptions of computerized prescriber-order-entry systems,  Inquilla CC, Szeinbach S, Seoane-Vazquez E, Kappeler KH, Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Aug 2007; 64: 1626 - 1632. 
• In reply to: "e-Iatrogenesis: The most critical consequence of CPOE and other HIT". Emily M. Campbell, Dean F. Sittig, Joan S. Ash, Kenneth P. Guappone, Richard H. Dykstra. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007;14:389.
• Computerized Provider Order Entry and Patient Safety. Christoph U. Lehmann, George R. Kim. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2006 Dec;53(6):1169-1184.
• Evaluation of Reported Medication Errors Before and After Implementation of Computerized Practitioner Order Entry (CPOE). Bradley VM, Steltenkamp CL, Hite KB. Journal of Healthcare Information Management. 2006 Fall;20(4):46-53.
• Types of Unintended Consequences Related to Computerized Provider Order Entry. Emily M. Campbell, Dean F. Sittig, Joan S. Ash, Kenneth P. Guappone,Richard H. Dykstra. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006;13:547-556.
• Error reduction in pediatric chemotherapy: computerized order entry and failure modes and effects analysis. Kim GR, Chen AR, et al.  Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 May;160(5):495-8.
• Development of the Leapfrog methodology for evaluating hospital implemented inpatient computerized physician order entry systems. Qual. Saf. Health Care, April 1, 2006; 15(2): 81 - 84. 
• Effect of a computerized prescriber-order-entry system on reported medication errors, Spencer DC, Leininger A, Daniels R, Granko RP, Coeytaux RR, Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Feb 2005; 62: 416 - 419. 
• Implementation of hospital computerized physician order entry systems in a rural state: Feasibility and financial impact. Ohsfeldt RL, Ward MM, Schneider JE, et.al.  J Am Med Inform Assoc.  2005 Jan-Feb; 12(1): 20-7.
• Return on investment for a computerized physician order entry system. Kaushal R, Jha AK, Franz C, et al.  J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Feb 24  [Epub ahead of print].
• Design of a safer approach to intravenous drug infusions: failure mode effects analysis. Apkon M, Leonard J, Probst L, DeLizio L, R Vitale R. Qual Saf Health Care 2004;13:265-271.
• Comprehensive Analysis of a Medication Dosing Error Related to CPOE. Jan Horsky, Gilad J. Kuperman, and Vimla L. Patel. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 12: 377-382
• Computer physician order entry: Benefits, costs, and issues. Kuperman GJ, Gibson RF.  Ann Intern Med.  2003; 139: 31-9
• Role of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Facilitating Medication Errors.   Ross Koppel. Joshua P. Metlay; Abigail Cohen; Brian Abaluck; A. Russell Localio; Stephen E. Kimmel; Brian L. Strom JAMA. 2005;293(10):1197-1203.
• IHI - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA): Computerized Physician Order Entry

Vendors

• Cerner
• CliniComp, Intl.
• Eclipsys Coperation
• GE Healthcare
• McKesson
• MEDITECH
• Mediware Information Systems
• Meta Pharmacy Systems
• Misys Healthcare Systems
• QuadraMed Corporation
• Siemens Medical Solutions