Products Affected - Description

• • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00143-9357-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00143-9359-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00143-9358-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 750 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 00143-9355-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 1 gram/200 mL, frozen premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 00338-3583-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 500 mg/100 mL, frozen premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 00338-3581-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 750 mg/150 mL, frozen premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 00338-3582-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 1 gram/200 mL, frozen premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 00338-3552-48
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 500 mg/100 mL, frozen premixed bag, 12 count, NDC 00338-3551-48
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Baxter, 750 mg/150 mL, frozen premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 00338-3580-48

Reason for the Shortage

• • Almaject did not provide a reason for the shortage.[1]
  • Athenex is no longer a supplier.[2]
  • Eugia launched vancomycin injection in August 2023.[3]
  • Baxter has vancomycin injection on shortage due to increased demand and manufacturing delays.[4]
  • Fresenius Kabi has vancomycin injection available.[5]
  • Hikma did not provide a reason for the shortage.[6]
  • Meitheal has vancomycin injection available.[7]
  • Pfizer has vancomycin injection available.[8]
  • Samson Medical Technologies has vancomycin injection available.[10]
  • Sagent has vancomycin injection available.[9]
  • Slate Run Pharma has vancomycin injection available.[11]
  • Viatris has vancomycin injection available.[12]
  • Xellia has vancomycin injection available.[13]

Available Products

• • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Almaject, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 72611-0765-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Almaject, 500 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 72611-0761-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Eugia US, 1.25 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 55150-0471-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Eugia US, 1.5 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 55150-0472-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Fresenius Kabi, 750 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 63323-0203-20
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Fresenius Kabi, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 63323-0284-20
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Fresenius Kabi, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 63323-0314-61
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Fresenius Kabi, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 63323-0295-61
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Fresenius Kabi, 500 mg, vial, 25 count, NDC 63323-0221-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00143-9162-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 1.25 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00143-9152-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 1.5 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00143-9153-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00143-9164-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00143-9163-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for injection, Hikma, 500 mg, vial, 25 count, NDC 00143-9161-25
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Meitheal Pharmaceuticals, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 71288-0026-75
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Meitheal Pharmaceuticals, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 71288-0025-75
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Meitheal Pharmaceuticals, 750 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 71288-0024-21
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Mylan Institutional (Viatris), 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 67457-0340-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Mylan Institutional (Viatris), 10 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 67457-0342-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Mylan Institutional (Viatris), 5 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 67457-0341-05
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Mylan Institutional (Viatris), 500 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 67457-0339-50
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 1 gram, ADD-Vantage vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-6535-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00409-6509-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 500 mg, ADD-Vantage vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-6534-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 500 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-4332-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 750 mg, ADD-Vantage vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-6531-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Pfizer, 750 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-6531-02
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Pfizer, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-6533-21
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Pfizer, 1.5 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 00409-3515-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Pfizer, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 00409-1319-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Sagent, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 25021-0158-99
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous lyophilized powder for solution for injection, Sagent, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 25021-0157-99
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Sagent, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 25021-0151-20
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Sagent, 500 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 25021-0150-10
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride injection, Samson Medical Technologies, 100 gram, bulk bag, 1 count, NDC 66288-7100-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 70436-0021-82
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 70436-0023-82
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 70436-0022-82
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, 500 mg, vial, 10 count, NDC 70436-0020-82
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 1 gram/200 mL, premixed bag, 12 count, NDC 70594-0042-03
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 1.25 gram/250 mL, premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 70594-0057-03
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 1.5 gram/300 mL, premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 70594-0043-02
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 1.75 gram/350 mL, premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 70594-0058-03
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 2 gram/400 mL, premixed bag, 6 count, NDC 70594-0044-02
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 500 mg/100 mL, premixed bag, 12 count, NDC 70594-0041-03
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous injection, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 750 mg/150 mL, premixed bag, 12 count, NDC 70594-0056-03
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 1 gram, vial, 10 count, NDC 70594-0046-02
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 10 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 70594-0048-01
  • Vancomycin hydrochloride intravenous, Xellia Pharmaceuticals, 5 gram, vial, 1 count, NDC 70594-0047-01

• • Baxter has all vancomycin presentations available for direct orders only.[4]
  • Hikma has vancomycin 750 mg vials, 1 gram vials (NDC 00143-9357-10), 5 gram vials (NDC 00143-9358-01), and 10 gram vials (NDC 00143-9359) are on back order and the company cannot estimate a release date.[6]

• • Vancomycin is active against gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococcal species, streptococcal species, and enterococcal species. At concentrations achievable in vivo, vancomycin is bacteriostatic against enterococcal species and bacteriocidal against other susceptible bacteria. The drug has no clinically significant activity against gram-negative bacteria.[14-17] Since 1989, microbial resistance to vancomycin has increased markedly, raising concerns about overuse and inappropriate use of this agent.[18-19]
  • Vancomycin injection is labeled for use in serious or severe infections that cannot be treated with beta-lactam anti-infectives, including:[14-15]
  • Severe staphylococcal infections, including infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, in patients who cannot receive beta-lactam anti-infectives or infections that are refractory to beta-lactam anti-infectives, or infections caused by beta-lactam resistant staphylococci. Infections that may be treated include endocarditis, septicemia, and infections of the bone, lower respiratory tract, and skin and skin structure.
  • Initial treatment of infections when methicillin-resistant staphylococcus is the suspected causative organism, until the organism is identified through microbial cultures. Infections that may be treated include endocarditis, septicemia, and infections of the bone, lower respiratory tract, and skin and skin structure.
  • Treatment of endocarditis caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, or diphtherococcus.
  • Oral treatment of antimicrobial-associated colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, when the injectable product is administered orally. Parenteral vancomycin alone is ineffective for this infection.
  • Prevention of bacterial endocarditis associated with dental procedures or surgical procedures of the upper respiratory tract in patients with penicillin allergy and heart disease (congenital, rheumatic, valvular, or other acquired heart diseases).
  • Although not a labeled use, vancomycin injection has also been used for treatment of infections caused by streptococcal species. Other infections that have been treated with vancomycin include intravascular catheter-related infections, neutropenic fever (empiric therapy), meningitis, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and surgical wound infections. In most cases, vancomycin is used only when beta-lactam anti-infectives cannot be used (e.g., allergy, refractory infection, resistant bacteria).[17-19]
  • Side effects of vancomycin injection include infusion-related hypotension and flushing ("red-neck" or "red man" syndrome), injection site irritation, thrombophlebitis, ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.[14,18]

• • Reserving vancomycin injection for use in patients who meet the CDC criteria and avoiding unnecessary use will conserve the drug supply, reduce the development of microbial resistance, and reduce the risk of adverse events due to vancomycin, including infusion-related reactions and renal failure.[18-20]

• • Institutions should not stockpile vancomycin injection.
  • Regardless of available supply of vancomycin, institutions should adhere to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for avoiding unnecessary vancomycin use and thus preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance.[19,21] Adherence to the CDC recommendations will conserve supplies of vancomycin.
  • Reserve the use of vancomycin injection for the following situations whenever possible:19,21
  • Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria resistant to beta-lactam anti-infectives. Vancomycin may kill beta-lactam-susceptible staphylococci less rapidly than can beta-lactam anti-infectives.
  • Gram-positive bacterial infections in patients with severe hypersensitivity to beta-lactam anti-infectives.
  • Antimicrobial-associated colitis that is unresponsive to metronidazole or potentially life-threatening.
  • Prophylaxis in patients at high risk for bacterial endocarditis, as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA).
  • Perioperative prophylaxis in patients undergoing implantation of prosthetic materials or devices (e.g., cardiac and vascular procedures and total hip replacement) at institutions with a high rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. Administer a single vancomycin dose prior to surgery for procedures lasting 6 hours or less. For longer procedures, one additional dose is required. No more than 2 doses of vancomycin are necessary for prophylaxis.
  • Discourage the use of vancomycin injection in the following situations:19,21-22
  • Routine empiric therapy for low-risk neutropenic fever without strong evidence that the infection is caused by gram-positive organisms (e.g., inflamed exit site of Hickman catheter) when there is a high prevalence of MRSA in the institution.
  • Continued use after culture and susceptibility tests show an infection is not caused by gram-positive organisms resistant to beta-lactam anti-infectives.
  • Primary treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis.
  • Infections caused by beta-lactam-sensitive gram-positive organisms in patients with renal failure, when vancomycin is chosen only for dosing convenience.
  • Infections caused by gram-positive organisms susceptible to beta-lactam anti-infectives.
  • Routine prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery, unless the patient has a life-threatening allergy to beta-lactam anti-infectives.
  • Routine prophylaxis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.
  • Systemic or local (e.g., antibiotic lock) prophylaxis for infection or colonization of indwelling central or peripheral intravascular catheters.
  • Routine prophylaxis in very-low-birth-weight neonates (less than 1500 g).
  • Eradication of colonization with MRSA in patients without clinical signs of infection.
  • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract.
  • Topical application or irrigation.
  • Use in response to a single blood culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci if other blood cultures obtained during the same period are negative. In such cases, contamination of the culture with skin flora is the likely explanation.

• 1. Almaject (personal communication). July 13, November 13, 2018; April 24, May 23, July 2, 2019; March 17, September 14, 2020; April 14, 2021; May 11, August 12, September 30, 2022; and January 26, 2023.
  2. Athenex (personal communication). January 18, April 30, July 3, December 24, 2018; April 23, May 26, September 4, 2019; January 7, July 14, 2020; and April 13, 2021.
  3. Eugia (personal communication). October 2, November 13, 2018; May 6, November 7, 2019; June 8, September 11, 2020; August 15, 2022, and August 23 and September 21, 2023.
  4. Baxter (personal communications). August 23, September 7, October 3, 7, 14, and 25, November 3 and 28, 2005; February 21, June 13, August 3, 2006; April 13, May 4 and 26, June 23, July 13, August 11, September 21, October 15, November 11, December 1 and 23, 2009; January 14, February 19, March 25, April 23, May 20, June 17, July 8 and 30, August 11, September 3, October 8, November 29, December 15, 2010; February 3 March 11, April 28, August 19, November 10, December 19, 2011; January 9, April 10, May 7, June 19, July 17, October 12, and December 4, 2012; March 26, April 10, May 7, June 11, July 9, August 6, September 9, October 3, November 11, December 5, 2013; January 9, February 10, March 11 and 31, April 28, May 12, July 17, October 14, December 4, 2014; February 3, April 27, September 11, November 12, 2015; February 25, April 4, June 2, August 8, September 20, 2016; March 6, April 5, June 5, August 7, November 1, 2017; May 3, July 12, November 14, 2018; April 23, May 30, June 11, 2019; January 24, May 26, July 14, October 6, 2020; January 14, March 2, May 25, June 8, August 17, September 14, November 22, 2021; January 25, March 8, April 13, June 7, August 8, September 6, October 18, November 15, December 20, 2022; January 3, 24, and 31, February 28, March 21 and 28, April 11, May 2 and 9, June 13, August 15, 22, and 29, September 5, October 10 and 31, November 14, December 19, 2023; February 20, and March 12, 2024.
  5. Fresenius Kabi (personal communications). August 23, September 7, October 3, 7, 14, and 25, November 3 and 28, December 29, 2005, February 1, 6, and 21, April 7, May 9, June 13, August 3, 2006; April 13, May 4 and 26, June 23, July 13, August 11, September 21, October 13, November 11, December 1 and 23, 2009; January 14, February 19, March 25, April 23, May 20, June 15, July 8 and 28, August 11 and 30, September 13, October 8, November 24, December 15, 2010; January 28 February 11, April 28, June 21, August 16 and 29, 16 and 27, November 9, December 20, 2011; January 12, April 4, May 7, 8, and 23, June 18, July 5, 17 and 30, August 20, October 12, November 1 and 30, 2012; January 30, March 26, April 9 and 10, May 2 and 6, June 11, July 8, August 6, September 12, October 3, November 6, December 5, 2013; January 15, February 10 and 21, March 5, 14, 18, and 31, April 15 and 28, May 12, June 5 and 26, August 4 and 19, September 2, 17, and 22, October 13 and 31, November 19, December 3 and 7, 2014; January 7, February 2 and 11, March 11 and 18, April 8, 15, and 20, May 6 and 28, September 20, November 4, December 9 and 30, 2015; January 6 and 20, February 18, March 10 and 31, May 23, August 3, October 6, December 18, 2016; January 4, March 5, April 3, 10, and 28, June 2, 8, and 20, July 6, 19, and 27, August 24, September 7, October 5 and 27, November 17, December 8 and 22, 2017; March 2, April 6 and 27, May 3 and 19, August 3 and 23, September 14, October 5, 20, and 26, November 9, 16, 23, and 29, December 9 and 27, 2018; January 11 and 18, February 7, March 15, April 19, May 3, 24, and 30, June 7 and 27, July 12, August 2 and 30, September 27, November 1, December 2, 2019; January 2 and 24, March 13, May 1, 14, and 29, July 10, October 9, 2020; January 22, March 5, May 21, June 11, August 20, September 17, November 19, December 10 and 17, 2021; January 21, March 11 and 18, April 8 and 22, June 10, August 12 and 19, September 9, October 21, November 11, December 22 and 29, 2022; January 20, February 3, March 3, 17, and 24, April 7 and 28, May 12, 19, and 26, June 9 and 30, July 27, August 17, 24, and 31, September 7 and 14, October 5, November 2 and 16, December 21, 2023; February 22, and March 14, 2024.
  6. Hikma (personal communications). May 13, July 8, October 7, 2020; January 21, March 3, May 19, August 18, September 15, December 1, 2021; January 26, March 9, April 7 and 20, June 8, August 10, September 8, November 9, December 22, 2022; January 4 and 25, February 1, March 2, 16, and 23, April 6 and 26, May 11 and 25, June 8 and 29, July 26, August 16, 23, and 30, September 6, October 11, November 1, 15, and 21, December 20, 2023; February 21, and March 13, 2024.
  7. Meitheal Pharma (personal communications). February 3, and November 29, 2023.
  8. Pfizer (personal communications and website). August 23, September 7, October 3, 7, 14, 17, and 25, November 3 and 28, 2005; February 3 and 21, April 7, June 13, August 3, 2006; April 13, May 4, 27, and 29, June 23, July 13, August 11, September 21, October 13, November 11, December 4 and 21, 2009; January 19, February 19, March 24, April 23, May 19, June 17, July 6 and 29, August 11 and 20, September 2,13, 14, and 23, October 6 and 26, November 8, 23, and 29, December 15, 29, and 30, 2010; February 2 and 15, March 11 and 23, April 25, June 30, August 16 and 31, September 15 and 27, November 7, 10, and 23, December 6 and 20, 2011; January 9 and 31, February 20, March 12 and 21, April 10, May 7 and 22, June 18, July 3, 16, and 30, August 22, October 12 and 16, November 1 and 8, December 4 and 21, 2012; January 30, March 25, April 10 and 29, June 11, July 9 and 10, August 6, September 12, October 3, November 11, December 6 and 19, 2013; January 15, February 10 and 21, March 6, 18, and 31, April 16, May 1, 12, and 19, June 2, 12, 26, and 30, July 17, August 6 and 21, September 2, 17, and 24, October 14 and 31, November 26, December 5 and 12, 2014; January 9, February 4 and 18, March 13 and 22, April 10, 17, and 28, May 12, June 1, September 14 and 25, November 12, December 9, 2015; January 6, 14, and 25, February 25, March 15, April 7, June 2, August 8, October 14, December 19, 2016; March 9 and 10, April 7, May 5, June 2, 9, and 21, July 7, 10, 25, and 27, August 15 and 25, September 8, October 4 and 27, November 28, December 12 and 29, 2017; March 5, April 10, May 3, 4, and 22, August 7 and 24, September 20, October 9, 19, and 31, November 13 and 30, December 12 and 27, 2018; January 8 and 17, February 8, March 19 and 26, April 19 and 30, May 23 and 31, June 7, July 3 and 16, August 2, September 4, October 1, November 4, December 4, 2019; January 7 and 24, March 16, May 5 and 15, June 5, July 10, October 9, 2020; January 22, March 5, May 21, June 13, August 20, September 17, December 1, 12, and 17, 2021; January 21, March 11, April 13 and 24, and June 10, August 12, September 9, October 21, November 14, December 22, 2022; January 4 and 20, February 3, March 3, 17, and 24, April 7, May 1, 12, and 30, June 9 and 30, July 28, August 19 and 25, September 1, October 6, November 3 and 17, December 22, 2023; and January 23, 2024.
  9. Sagent (personal communications). January 28, February 4, March 25, April 8 and 29, June 11, July 8, August 6, September 12, October 3, November 7, December 5, 2013; January 15, February 10, 21, and 27, March 17 and 31, April 9, May 1 and 12, June 2 and 26, July 17, August 1, 15, and 28, September 17 and 19, October 10 and 30, November 20, December 4 and 12, 2014; January 8 and 29, February 12, March 12 and 19, April 9, 16, and 23, May 7 and 28, September 10, November 12, December 3, 2015; January 6, 14, and 20, February 18, March 31, June 2, August 4, October 13, December 15 and 29, 2016; March 2 and 30, May 3, June 8 and 15, July 6, 20, and 27, August 24, September 7, October 5, November 22, December 7 and 28, 2017; January 25, April 12 and 19, May 3 and 24, August 2 and 23, September 13, October 4, 18, and 25, November 8, 21, and 30, December 13, 2018; January 17, February 7, March 14, April 18, May 2 and 23, July 5 and 12, August 1 and 30, September 26, October 31, 2019; March 13, April 30, May 28, July 9, October 8, 2020; January 21, March 5, May 20, June 10, August 19, September 16, November 18, 2021; January 20, April 18, June 9, August 11 and 18, October 20, November 10, December 22, 2022; January 19, March 2, 9, and 23, April 6 and 27, May 12, July 27, August 14, 24, and 31, September 7, October 12, November 3 and 17, December 21, 2023; January 22, and March 15, 2024.
  10. Samson Medical Technologies (personal communications). August 15, 2017, May 1, and July 12, 2018.
  11. Slate Run Pharma (personal communications). October 12, 2020; January 8, 2021; August 15, 2022; March 10, July 6, and October 19, 2023.
  12. Viatris (personal communications). February 19 and 24, March 24, April 23, May 20, June 17, July 8 and 30, August 11 and 20, September 2 and 14, October 8, November 23, December 15, 2010; February 3 and 16, March 10, April 28, June 30, August 19, November 10, December 19, 2011; January 9, May 7, June 19, July 18, and October 12, 2012; March 25, April 12, June 11, August 6, September 9, October 3, November 4, December 6 and 9, 2013; January 9, February 10, March 6, 19, and 31, April 16, May 12, June 2, 12, and 26, July 17, August 4 and 20, September 4 and 17, October 13 and 30, November 25, December 4 and 6, 2014; February 3 and 18, March 9 and 23, April 17 and 28, May 29, September 11, November 10, December 7, 2015; January 6, February 25, April 4, June 2, August 8, October 11, December 12, 2016; March 6, April 4, June 2, August 7, November 3, 2017; January 4, March 7, and April 30, July 11, October 2, December 4 and 26, 2018; March 21, May 23, October 3, 2019; January 27, October 14, 2020; January 8, March 2, April 2, June 1 and 25, November 10, 2021; March 9 and 22, April 13 and 22, May 25, August 12, September 9, December 20, 2022; January 4 and 26, March 21, June 20, July 31, September 1 and 13, October 9, November 21, 2023; and February 16, 2024.
  13. Xellia (personal communications). January 3, May 28, August 5, and November 6, 2019; May 19, October 12, 2020; January 8, April 13, 2021; September 12, 2022; June 19, and July 6, 2023.
  14. Vancomycin. In: Wickersham RM, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 2009: 1313-1315.
  15. Vancomycin. In: Mosby's Drug Consult. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby, 2006.
  16. Vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid. In: Betts RF, Chapman SW, Penn RL, eds. Reese and Betts' A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases. 5th edition. Boston, MA: Little Brown and Company; 2003: 1117-1131.
  17. Vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid. In: Betts RF, Chapman SW, Penn RL, eds. Reese and Betts' A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases. 5th edition. Boston, MA: Little Brown and Company; 2003: 1117-1131.
  18. Murray BE, Nannini EC. Glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin), and lipopeptides (daptomycin). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JF, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005: 41 7-392.
  19. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR 1995; 44(RR12);1-13. Available online at http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0039349/m0039349.asp (Accessed on February 19, 2010).
  20. Micromedex® Healthcare Series [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Reuters Healthcare Inc.
  21. Vancomycin hydrochloride. In: McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS 2009 Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists; 2009: 478-486.
  22. Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey GP, et al. 2002 guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34: 730-751. Available online at http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/339215. (Accessed on June 1, 2015).